Experts: Uber must make changes at top to fix culture woes

DETROIT - Uber must get rid of leaders who tolerate bad behavior and hire people who don't - including up to the chief executive - experts say, as the ride-hailing company gets ready to announce significant changes to its culture and management.

Uber's board has adopted the recommendations of former Attorney General Eric Holder, who investigated its toxic culture of harassment and bullying. Those will be revealed to employees and made public on Tuesday.

Experts interviewed by The Associated Press say CEO Travis Kalanick should step aside or at minimum change his behavior for the company to make progress. Uber's board is discussing a leave of absence for Kalanick, the combative co-founder who has already acknowledged he needs to grow up and get management help. No decision has yet been made, according to a person briefed on the matter who didn't want to be identified because board discussions aren't normally made public.

A CEO's behavior sets the tone for the rest of the company, says Cindy Schipani, a business law professor at the University of Michigan who has taken part in investigations of corporate conduct. She says Kalanick should resign and save the board from having to oust him. "That's where the culture comes from. It has to change at the top and he has to recognize what he does, his actions, speak louder than anything put on paper," she says. It's unlikely the board could remove Kalanick because of Uber's stock ownership structure.

Jennifer Chatman, a business professor at the University of California Berkeley who also does corporate investigations, says if a leave is granted, she would be surprised if Kalanick came back in the top spot.

"He lacks the ability to set an appropriate tone for this organization," she said. "He lacks the kind of presence that's needed for a larger organization."

Chatman predicts that Kalanick will be granted a leave and return as a strategist under a new CEO or possibly a board member who runs the company.

It is common, Chatman says, for company founders to be ill-equipped to lead an organization as it matures. "This may be the moment for Uber where it needs to go to the next stage," she says.

Last week, based on a report from a different law firm that investigated employee harassment, bullying and retaliation complaints, Uber fired 20 people and sent another 31 into counseling. Experts say it's an unprecedented number of firings that shows a pervasive problem, but also is a strong step toward rehabilitation. Who the company hires as replacements will make or break the effort, they say.

Uber must hire people who "don't have the harassment state of mind," Schipani said.

On Monday, Uber said its chief business officer, Emil Michael, is leaving the company. No reason was given for his departure.

Uber Technologies Inc. has been rocked by accusations that it has fostered a workplace environment that condones harassment, discrimination and bullying. A female engineer who left the company has alleged she was propositioned by her manager on her first day of work and her complaints were ignored. In addition, Uber is the target of lawsuits, boycott threats and a federal investigation into claims that it has used a fake version of its app to thwart authorities. It has also been accused of corporate espionage by Waymo, formerly Google's autonomous vehicle arm.

Amid the turmoil at the world's largest ride-hailing company, competitors such as Lyft are trying to take advantage, growing ridership and inking technology deals and investments. On Monday, Lyft announced a $25 million investment from Jaguar-Land Rover, which includes providing vehicles for autonomous car testing. Earlier Lyft signed a driverless car development deal with Waymo, Google's former autonomous car operation that has sued Uber in a corporate espionage case.

Kalanick has contributed to Uber's recent woes, acknowledging that he needed a strong No. 2 after losing his temper earlier this year in a profanity-laced argument with an Uber driver over pay. The website Recode.net reported that Kalanick put out a memo in 2013 advising employees attending a company party about having sex with each other. Kalanick also has been facing personal difficulties. His mother was killed and his father hurt last month in a boating accident near Los Angeles.

Experts say Uber's renegade culture of fighting regulators and skirting laws may have contributed to its problems.

"Companies need to evolve and grow through different stages," said Lisa Klerman, a USC law professor and employment law mediator. "We do see sometimes a startup mentality in the early years of a company's growth where they have difficulty sometimes adjusting to being a huge enterprise."

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Ortutay reported from New York. Auto Writer Dee-Ann Durbin contributed from Detroit.