Report shows vast reach of Russian doping
LONDON — International sports' anti-doping watchdog on Friday laid out mountainous evidence that for years Russian officials orchestrated a doping program at the Olympics and other competitions that involved or benefited 1,000 athletes in 30 sports. The findings intensified pressure on the International Olympic Committee to reassess Russia's medals from the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi and penalize the nation ahead of the 2018 Winter Games.
The evidence, published by the World Anti-Doping Agency, was the coda to a set of investigations led by Canadian lawyer Richard McLaren, who issued a damning report in July that prompted more than 100 Russian athletes to be barred from the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro.
The follow-up report outlined competitions that had been tainted by years of extraordinary preparations, ensuring Russia's dominance at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, the 2013 track and field world championships in Moscow and the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia — the 'apex' of Russia's cheating, the report said, because as the host of the event it controlled drug testing.
The subterfuge included using table salt and Nescafé instant coffee granules to help conceal tainted urine and bypass controls, according to the inquiry. Some samples were clearly fraudulent: Urine provided by two female hockey players at the Sochi Games contained male DNA.
Yet McLaren suggested that the full extent of the cheating might never be known.
'It is impossible to know just how deep and how far back this conspiracy goes,' he said Friday, calling the 'immutable facts' of his report clear but far from comprehensive. 'For years, international sports competitions have unknowingly been hijacked by the Russians.'
McLaren concluded last summer that Russia had orchestrated rampant doping dating back years that culminated in an elaborate urine-swapping operation at the 2014 Sochi Games, confirming what The New York Times reported in May.
But in the face of staunch denials from Russian officials and skepticism from sports authorities reluctant to punish the nation on his word, he and a team have continued their work these last five months.
Asked for their evidence, they zeroed in on the individuals who had enabled the cheating as well as those who had benefited from it, publishing on Friday 1,166 pieces of proof, including emails, documents and scientific and forensic analysis of doping samples.
As part of the inquiry, the team examined some 120 urine samples of Russian athletes from Sochi out of at least 250 that have been preserved since 2014. All the samples McLaren examined had been tampered with, he said, including those of 15 medalists — including the winners of gold.
From the 2012 London Games, McLaren identified 15 medalists whose doping violations had been concealed. Ten of them have been stripped of their medals, the report said, after widespread retesting this year.
The names of most of the implicated athletes were redacted — they were referred to by unique sets of numbers — but their identities had been privately shared with relevant officials for each sport's global governing body, McLaren said, emphasizing it was not his job to issue penalties.
Outside the Olympics, sports governing bodies have autonomy over disciplining athletes for violations like doping or manipulating samples.
Thomas Bach, the president of the IOC, said in a statement on Friday that the report's findings demonstrated 'a fundamental attack on the integrity of sport.' On Thursday, he had said that 'any athlete who took part in such a sophisticated manipulation system' should be excluded from attending future Olympics in any capacity.
Bach said that all urine samples retained from Russian athletes who competed in the 2014 Sochi Games would be re-examined, along with those from the 2012 London Games that have not yet been retested.
The IOC has appointed two commissions in response to McLaren's report. A team is expected to examine the Sochi doping samples for evidence of banned substances — though unlikely to find any if tainted urine was substituted — as well as other signs of tampering.
On Friday, Bach called McLaren to thank him for his work, which he previously had greeted with skepticism.
'It was a big change from the reaction in July,' McLaren said.
The Russian sports ministry said in a statement that it was studying the report 'to formulate a constructive position,' denying the existence of any state-sponsored doping programs in sports and promising to 'continue the fight against doping from the positions of 'zero tolerance.''
The ministry pledged its cooperation with global sports and anti-doping authorities to improve Russia's anti-doping operations.
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